Reverse osmosis (RO) is a filtration method that removes many types of large molecules and ions from solutions by applying pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane. The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side. To be "selective," this membrane should not allow large molecules or ions through the pores (holes), but should allow smaller components of the solution (such as the solvent) to pass freely.

In the normal osmosis process the solvent naturally moves from an area of low solute concentration, through a membrane, to an area of high solute concentration. The movement of a pure solvent to equalize solute concentrations on each side of a membrane generates a pressure and this is the "osmotic pressure." Applying an external pressure to reverse the natural flow of pure solvent, thus, is reverse osmosis. The process is similar to membrane filtration. However, there are key differences between reverse osmosis and filtration. The predominant removal mechanism in membrane filtration is straining, or size exclusion, so the process can theoretically achieve perfect exclusion of particles regardless of operational parameters such as influent pressure and concentration. Reverse osmosis, however, involves a diffusive mechanism so that separation efficiency is dependent on solute concentration, pressure, and water flux rate.[1]. Reverse osmosis is most commonly known for its use in drinking water purification from seawater, removing the salt and other substances from the water molecules

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Reverse Osmosis is a hyperfilteration process in which all impurities ( dissoved ions, heavy molecular, weight compounds, bacteria, viruses) are removed from water by passing through the membrance holes, containing only permissible ingredient. All undesirable elements including salts & biological impurities flush out along with rejected water. Before membrance, water is pretreated by passing through softener, sediment filter, carbon filter & chlorination if desired. Other purification method have no effect on TDS level of water.

It is made for household sector and offices where water is to be distributed by local stations. basically there are five stages of water purifications in this model:

1. Pre-Filter : It Filters dirt, rust, and the other physical particles up o 5micron size.
2. Carbon Filter: It removes chemical dissolve and odor in water. It is the major safeguard unit for the RO membrane.
3. Sediment Filter: It filters fine particles up to 1 micron. It also protects and extends the life and efficiency of the RO membrane.
4. R.O. Membrane: It is the key part of the technology. It removes all kind of Biological and complicated chemical dissolves in water (see the tables below).
5. Post Carbon filter: It makes the pure water more natural taste with the lightest quality.

The system operates automatically. It runs when the water in storage tank reaches a lower level set and stops when the tank get filter up.

Industrial /Commercial RO

Water purification Result Comparison